A Normative Review of Indonesia's Tax Amnesty Law from an Islamic Constitutional Perspective

Authors

  • Alila Zahira Kusuma Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
  • Paisol Burlian Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
  • Eti Yusnita Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58824/mediasas.v9i2.519

Keywords:

IIslamic constitutional law, tax amnesty, maq??id al-shar??ah, distributive justice, legal positivism, fiscal ethics

Abstract

Tax amnesty remains one of the most debated fiscal policies in contemporary governance, particularly in Muslim-majority countries where legal legitimacy is expected to align with ethical and religious values. Existing studies primarily evaluate tax amnesty from economic, fiscal, and administrative perspectives, while limited attention has been given to its constitutional-ethical legitimacy within the framework of Islamic constitutionalism. This study aims to examine the normative legitimacy of Indonesia’s Tax Amnesty Law (Law No. 11 of 2016) through the principles of justice (al-?adl), public trust (am?nah), equality before the law (al-mus?w?h), and public welfare (ma?la?ah ??mmah). Employing normative juridical research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyzes legislation, Constitutional Court decisions, and contemporary literature on Islamic constitutional law and maq??id al-shar??ah. The findings reveal that although the tax amnesty policy achieved short-term fiscal objectives, it generated normative tensions concerning distributive justice, legal equality, and ethical accountability. Comparative evidence from Malaysia and Pakistan indicates that the integration of moral and religious narratives can enhance the legitimacy and public acceptance of fiscal policies. This study contributes to the literature by proposing an Islamic constitutional framework for evaluating fiscal legislation, integrating constitutional legality with moral legitimacy as a foundation for sustainable fiscal governance in Muslim-majority constitutional democracies.

[Pengampunan pajak merupakan salah satu kebijakan fiskal yang paling diperdebatkan dalam tata kelola pemerintahan kontemporer, terutama di negara-negara mayoritas Muslim yang menuntut keselarasan antara legalitas hukum dengan nilai-nilai etika dan agama. Penelitian terdahulu umumnya menilai kebijakan pengampunan pajak dari perspektif ekonomi, fiskal, dan administrasi, sementara kajian mengenai legitimasi konstitusional-etis dalam kerangka hukum tata negara Islam masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis legitimasi normatif Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak berdasarkan prinsip keadilan (al-?adl), amanah, persamaan di hadapan hukum (al-mus?w?h), dan kemaslahatan umum (ma?la?ah ??mmah). Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif melalui analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, serta literatur kontemporer mengenai hukum tata negara Islam dan maq??id al-shar??ah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kebijakan pengampunan pajak berhasil mencapai tujuan fiskal jangka pendek, kebijakan tersebut menimbulkan persoalan normatif terkait keadilan distributif, kesetaraan hukum, dan akuntabilitas etis. Analisis perbandingan dengan Malaysia dan Pakistan menunjukkan bahwa integrasi narasi moral dan nilai-nilai keagamaan dapat memperkuat legitimasi serta penerimaan publik terhadap kebijakan fiskal. Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah menawarkan kerangka evaluasi hukum fiskal berbasis konstitusionalisme Islam yang mengintegrasikan legalitas konstitusional dengan legitimasi moral sebagai fondasi tata kelola fiskal yang berkelanjutan dalam negara demokrasi konstitusional mayoritas Muslim.]

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd Hamid, N., & Hilmi, M. H. (2018). The influence of taxpayers’ tax liability, affordability and morality on tax amnesty program in Malaysia. Semantics Scholar. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1e5a/b821299b643ddefc3ce5aeecb237d46ee202.pdf

Alm, J., & Torgler, B. (2021). Do ethics matter? Tax compliance and morality. Journal of Economic Psychology, 82, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102352

Alm, J., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & McClellan, C. (2020). Corruption and firm tax evasion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 170, 401–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.12.017

Alshamsi, F., & Guermat, C. (2021). Tax policy and compliance in the GCC countries. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(5), 689–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-03-2020-0080

Ardiansyah, R., & Sudarma, M. (2021). Taxpayer compliance and tax amnesty; Does tax amnesty work. Semantics Scholar. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3cc9/98abec7621b8407fc0cd6f280aab71e34628.pdf

Attia, G. E. (2020). Towards realization of the higher intents of Islamic law. International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Auda, J. (2020). Maqasid al-Shariah as philosophy of Islamic law. International Institute of Islamic Thought.

Auda, J. (2021). Re-envisioning Islamic law: Maqasid methodology as a philosophy of Islamic law. Maqasid Institute.

Azmi, M. A., & Hassan, R. (2021). Tax compliance and Islamic ethical values: Evidence from Muslim-majority countries. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(4), 567–585. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2021-0023

Basri, M. C., & Rahardja, S. (2020). Indonesia’s tax amnesty: Policy rationale and economic outcomes. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(3), 345–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1823467

Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2021). Pillars of prosperity: The political economics of development clusters. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691198194

Brown, N. J. (2021). Constitutions in a nonconstitutional world. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 19(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab003

Chapra, M. U. (2021). Islamic perspectives on public finance and taxation. Islamic Economic Studies, 29(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/IES-04-2021-0012

Dusuki, A. W., & Abdullah, N. I. (2022). Maqasid al-shariah and public policy. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 6(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-12340060

Farooq, M., & Aziz, S. (2024). Islamic ethics and fiscal legitimacy. Arab Law Quarterly, 38(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1163/15730255-38020003

Ginsburg, T., & Huq, A. Z. (2022). How to save a constitutional democracy. University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo18143871.html

Hallaq, W. B. (2023). Moral authority and constitutionalism in Islam. Islamic Law and Society, 30(3), 233–259. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685195-bja10033

Hallsworth, M., Listokin, Y., Metcalfe, R., & Vlaev, I. (2021). Behavioral insights and tax compliance (OECD Taxation Working Papers No. 49). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/5453f3aa-en

Hamzah, H., Yusof, R., & Rahman, A. A. (2023). Tax amnesty and voluntary disclosure in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 16(1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol16no1.3

Hermawan, M. S., & Abigail, P. (2020). Understanding tax amnesty and tax compliance in Indonesia: An institutional approach. Semantics Scholar. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/323e/c9926be1eeb1d785b104dd51e918de57168c.pdf

Hidayat, N., & Sharkey, N. (2021). Islamic legal reasoning for the justification of tax evasion: The case of Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(2), 155–172. https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202120953732356.page

Hirschl, R. (2020). Economic policy and constitutional law. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 18(2), 433–457. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moaa032

Iqbal, Z., & Tirmizi, S. R. (2022). Fiscal amnesty and governance reforms in Pakistan. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 15(4), 512–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1963246

Isra, S. (2021). Indonesian law in transition: Perspectives, challenges and prospects of ongoing law reform.

Kamali, M. H. (2021). Shari‘ah law: An introduction. Oneworld Publications.

Keen, M., & Slemrod, J. (2021). Rebellion, rascals, and revenue: Tax follies and wisdom through the ages. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691211046

Khan, M. A., & Ahmed, E. (2020). Tax amnesty and moral hazard in developing economies. World Development, 127, 104740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104740

Khan, M., & Ullah, A. (2020). Tax amnesty and moral hazard. World Development, 127, 104740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104740

Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., & Wahl, I. (2020). Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 79, 102198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102198

Lase, S. N., Khalid, S. Z., & Ananda, Z. (2025). Tax law perspectives on tax amnesty policy assessment: Balancing fairness and compliance. Jurnal Ilmiah INS9MJ, https://journal.isnu-sumut.org/index.php/ins9mj/article/download/809/267

Luttmer, E. F. P., & Singhal, M. (2021). Tax morale. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(1), 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.1.121

Manthovani, R., & Tejomurti, K. (2019). A holistic approach of amnesty application for Baiq Nuril Maknun in the framework of constitutional law of Indonesia. Constitutional Review, 5(2), 299–328.

Mansyuroh, F. A. (2018). Sharia law of tax amnesty in perspective of the South Kalimantan Muslim economists. Al-Azhar Islamic Law Review, 6(1), 14–32. https://jurnal.uin-antasari.ac.id/index.php/syariah/article/download/2220/1639

Masud, M. K., & Suleiman, L. (2021). Public interest and fiscal policy in Islamic law. Arab Law Quarterly, 35(3), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1163/15730255-BJA10088

March, A. F. (2022). Islamic constitutionalism reconsidered. Political Theory, 50(3), 401–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/00905917211040817

Nurhadi, D., & Lindsey, T. (2023). Courts, constitutions, and economic governance. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 18(2), 287–310. https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2023.11

Nurhidayah, L., & Salim, A. (2023). Constitutional review of fiscal policy in Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Law, 8(1), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.19184/jsal.v8i1.31245

OECD. (2023). Tax morale: What drives people and businesses to pay tax? OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/f3a4f64b-en

Püren, S. (2024). A qualitative study on the tax amnesty perception of income taxpayers: The case of Türkiye. Journal of Tax Policy Research, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4027493

Rahman, A., & Omar, N. (2022). Ethics and tax compliance behaviour. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(3), 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2021-0045

Rohim, A. N., & Wibowo, T. (2022). Tax justice and public trust in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 15(3), 412–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2021.1952479

Saad, N. (2021). Fairness perceptions and tax compliance. Asian Review of Accounting, 29(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-10-2019-0191

Saeed, A. (2021). Islamic legal ethics and contemporary governance. Journal of Islamic Ethics, 5(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1163/24685542-12340044

Sayidah, N., & Assagaf, A. (2019). Tax amnesty from the perspective of tax official. Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(1), 1659909. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311975.2019.1659909

Setyaningrum, N. A. (2025). Constitutional Court's legal considerations in decision number 63/PUU-XIV/2016 regarding the judicial review of the tax amnesty.

Slemrod, J. (2021). Tax compliance and enforcement. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(1), 177–198. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.35.1.177

Sulastyawati, D., Aravik, H., & Yunus, N. R. (2019). The existence of tax as an instrument of the state revenue in the perspectives of Islamic law and economics. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/download/61921981

Sultan, N., Mohamed, N., & Hussain, D. (2023). Tax amnesty schemes, anti-money laundering regulations and customer due diligence by financial institutes: An evaluation of the implementation issues in Pakistan. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 15(3), 534–553. https://www.emerald.com/qrfm/article-pdf/15/3/534/2273636/qrfm-02-2022-0022.pdf

Susila, I., & Nugroho, R. (2024). Fiscal discretion and constitutional limits in Indonesia. Constitutional Review, 10(1), 89–112. https://doi.org/10.31078/consrev10105

Syafiq, A. Z. (2024). Implementation of the principles of legal certainty and the principles of justice towards tax amnesty II policy on voluntary tax disclosure. Journal of Legal Public and Humanity, https://dinastires.org/JLPH/article/view/1309

Syahbandir, M., Alqarni, W., Abbas, S., & Ali, B. (2022). State and Islamic law: A study of legal politics on zakat as a tax deduction in Aceh. Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 22(2), 267–290. https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/ahkam/article/view/26200

TachrizatuWirda, A. (2018). The analysis of maslahah concept towards tax amnesty policy in the Act of Tax Amnesty Number 11, 2016. http://repo.unida.gontor.ac.id/511

Torgler, B. (2022). Tax morale revisited. Public Finance Review, 50(4), 473–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/10911421211019649

Vickry, A., Rhohim, A. S., & Thariq, M. D. (2025). Legal review of the application of administrative sanctions in tax regulations in Indonesia. JCISNU, 6(2). https://journal.isnu-sumut.org/index.php/jcisnu/article/view/958

Yulianto, A. R. (2018). Tax amnesty and “JIHAD” on CV. SR (Phenomenology study). 6th AICIF Conference Proceedings. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332799197

Zaman, A. (2020). Islamic economics and distributive justice. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, 33(2), 3–20.

Zulkarnaen, I., & Pratama, A. (2025). Tax amnesty and maqasid al-shariah: An Indonesian case study. Journal of Islamic Public Policy, 4(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/ijp.2025.0004

Downloads

Published

2026-06-08

How to Cite

Kusuma, A. Z. ., Burlian, P. ., & Yusnita, E. . (2026). A Normative Review of Indonesia’s Tax Amnesty Law from an Islamic Constitutional Perspective. Jurnal Mediasas: Media Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Ahwal Al-Syakhsiyyah, 9(2), 148–160. https://doi.org/10.58824/mediasas.v9i2.519