Disparities and Dynamics of Ijtihad in Cryptocurrency Fatwas: A Comparison of The Mui, Muhammadiyah’s Tarjih, and The Nu’s LBM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58824/mediasas.v9i3.631Keywords:
Cryptocurrency, Fatwa, Ijtihad, Derivation of Legal RulingsAbstract
The development of cryptocurrency as part of the digital economic transformation raises issues under Islamic law, particularly regarding its status as a medium of exchange or a digital asset. These issues are further complicated by differing viewpoints among Islamic religious institutions in Indonesia regarding the legal status of cryptocurrency. This study aims to explain the Islamic legal perspective on cryptocurrency based on fatwas issued by religious institutions in Indonesia, namely the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), the Muhammadiyah Tarjih , and the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Bahtsul Masail Institute. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using secondary data in the form of fatwas, literature, and written sources related to cryptocurrency. The results show that there are differing viewpoints among these three institutions. The MUI states that cryptocurrency is haram to use as a means of transaction because it contains elements of gharar, dharar, and qimar. Meanwhile, Muhammadiyah views cryptocurrency as permissible for use as a digital asset, provided it does not violate Sharia principles. Within Nahdlatul Ulama, there are also differing viewpoints, with some scholars deeming it haram and others permitting it, taking into account its benefits and technological advancements. These differences reflect the dynamic nature of scholars’ ijtihad in responding to developments in the digital economy
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