Effectiveness of Regulations in Handling Hajj Qoutas in Indonesia

Abstract

The research conducted was the criminal act of misappropriation of Hajj funds from Indonesia carried out by the Minister of Religion reviewed from the perspective of Islamic Criminal Law and Positive Criminal Law of the study is to determine the application of the law and the considerations of the panel of judges in issuing the decision, while assessing its conformity with the principles of Islamic criminal law and positive criminal law. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. Primary data are in the form of court decisions, while secondary data include laws and regulations, legal literature, journals, and sources of Islamic law (the Qur'an and Hadith). The analysis is carried out using hermeneutic techniques to interpret legal norms and the judge's considerations. The results of the study show that the judge imposed a sentence based on Article 3 in conjunction with Article 18 paragraph (1) letter b of Law No. 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption in conjunction with Article 55 paragraph (1) point 1 in conjunction with Article 65 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. The judge's considerations were based on witness statements, written evidence, physical evidence, and the defendant's statement. From the perspective of Islamic criminal law, the act of corruption of Hajj funds is classified as a ta'zir crime in the form of betrayal of the public trust (ghulul), with sanctions given to the judge according to the level of error. This study confirms the inconsistency between the relatively light verdict of the first-degree judge with the principle of social justice and the purpose of criminal punishment, especially because the crime involves Hajj funds which are a trust of the Muslim community.

[Penelitian yang dilakukan membahas tindak pidana penyalahgunaan dana haji di Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh Menteri Agama ditinjau dari perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam dan Hukum Pidana Positif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan hukum serta pertimbangan majelis hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan, sekaligus menilai kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum pidana Islam dan hukum pidana positif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Data primer berupa putusan pengadilan, sedangkan data sekunder meliputi peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, jurnal, serta sumber hukum Islam (Al-Qur’an dan Hadis). Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik hermeneutika untuk menafsirkan norma hukum dan pertimbangan hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim menjatuhkan pidana berdasarkan Pasal 3 juncto Pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 juncto Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi juncto Pasal 55 ayat (1) ke-1 juncto Pasal 65 ayat (1) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Pertimbangan hakim didasarkan pada keterangan saksi, alat bukti surat, barang bukti, serta keterangan terdakwa. Dari perspektif hukum pidana Islam, perbuatan korupsi dana haji dikategorikan sebagai jarimah ta’zir dalam bentuk pengkhianatan terhadap amanah publik (ghulul), dengan sanksi yang diserahkan kepada hakim sesuai tingkat kesalahan pelaku. Penelitian ini menegaskan adanya ketidaksesuaian antara putusan hakim tingkat pertama yang relatif ringan dengan prinsip keadilan sosial dan tujuan pemidanaan, terutama karena tindak pidana tersebut melibatkan dana haji yang merupakan amanah umat Islam.]